The Anatomical Making Of The Human Body - 3697 Words

The anatomical making of the human body is one of complexity and preciseness. It is built to withstand foreign diseases, process biological data, and undergo a plethora of activities, which together compose one of the worlds most well-oiled and lubricated biological machines. The body is capable of maintaining itself and performing all of its countless activities thanks to the process of homeostasis. Homeostasis is the state of body equilibrium or stable internal environment of the body (Marieb, Hoehn, 2013, pg 8). Homeostasis is demonstrated in many ways; from sweating during an intense cardio workout to shivering in the chilly autumn air. The body also demonstrates homeostasis in the way that it reacts to stimulants that are ingested into the body. The focus of this experiment will be on the body’s reaction to a caffeinated beverage, over a period of time, which has been ingested into the body. The indicators of homeostasis that will be tested are: heart rate, blood pressu re and temperature. From the time that caffeine is ingested, the body is already absorbing it. Caffeine is absorbed in the mouth, throat, lining of the stomach, digestive track and intestines in the matter of about 99% of it being absorbed in forty-five minutes. â€Å"Caffeine is a stimulant of the central nervous system that occurs naturally in over sixty species of plants and is used in several foods, drinks and medications† (Mandal, 2014, para 1). Although caffeine is a natural body occurring substance,Show MoreRelatedLeonardo Davincis Accomplishments in Anatomy1066 Words   |  5 Pagesoptics, aerodynamics and hydrodynamics to name a few. He did play a large role in the development of knowledge about anatomy and the human body. He was one of the greatest anatomists of his time, although unrecognized for it during his lifetime. Today-more than five hundred years after it was created, there is probably no more recognizable drawing of the human body than Leonardos Vitruvian Man. Vitruvian Man, although well known, many people still do not know the meaning, or the idea that DaRead MoreThe Adaptation Of The Opposable Thumb1441 Words   |  6 PagesThe opposable thumb is an adaptation that is present in humans, non-human primates such as chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, old world monkeys. Opossums and giant pandas. Most primates have opposable thumbs By definition an opposable thumb is ’A thumb that can be placed opposite the fingers of the same hand. Opposable thumbs allow the digits to grasp and handle objects’ An opposable thumb is one which can oppose the rest of the digits on the same hand and can allow pad to pad touching. The thumbRead MoreThe Biology Of Neanderthals1710 Words   |  7 Pagesbone including a skull. Thinking that the bones belonged to a bear the quarrymen gave them to a local teacher named Johan Karl Fuhlrott. From him the bones found their way to other scientists. It was eventually determined that they were an ancient human relative. (Szalay, 2013) At first scientists weren’t sure what they’d found: some claimed it was the remains of Mongol horsemen, others thought they were deformed Homo sapiens. It wasn’t until 1864 that an Irish Geologist named Dr. William King cameRead MoreAnatomy Evolution Worksheet Essay1692 Words   |  7 Pages2011 Holiday Lectures on Science Skeletons Reveal Human and Chimpanzee Evolution Student Worksheet About This Worksheet This worksheet complements the Click and Learn â€Å"Skeletons Reveal Human and Chimpanzee Evolution† developed in conjunction with the 2011 Holiday Lectures on Science, â€Å"Bones, Stones, and Genes: The Origin of Modern Humans†. Author: Mark Eberhard, St. Clair High School Web Link: www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/skeletons-reveal-human-and-chimpanzee-evolution Click the arrow in the bottomRead MoreCell Systems And Their Function1461 Words   |  6 Pagesare group of anatomical structures that work together to perform a specific function or task. These anatomical structures are found in all multicellular organisms such as worms and pigs. In these complex multicellular animals, cells are organized into tissues, tissues are organized into organs, and organs are organized into organ systems. Although all organisms consists of the same number of organ system, the complexly of these organ system may differ. For example, both frogs and humans have the sameRead MoreTaking a Look at Electroencephalography1104 Words   |  4 Pagesin the treatment of neurological diseases and cures dates back many years (Wendel, 2010) and with a new focus on the infant brain researchers hope to find answers that will pinpoint major causes of infant brain disorders. Studies on the subject of human brain appear regularly in the fields of psychiatry and neuroscience. Breakthroughs in the field are due primarily to technological advances in brain imaging, with most studies employing at least one kind of brain scan to current research. The fiveRead MoreImpact of Emotional Stress on the Reproductive System976 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Reproductive system on an anatomical/physiological (microscopic) level Emotional stress in most cases, are triggered by dramatic event that tends to put ones nervous system to a severely strain. An incredible straining often puts or changes the way the brain works (Dumbleton, 2005). Emotional stress affects the reproductive systems in both male and female in different ways. Stress can be acute or chronic. Acute stress is a stress which is still in anatomical or microscopic level. Stress thatRead MoreHistorical Anatomy And Scientific Anatomy3481 Words   |  14 PagesThe history of anatomical illustration attracts the interest of both medical and art historians. Ludwig Choulant published one of the earliest catalogues of anatomical illustrations in 1852. The Geschichte und Bibliographie der Anatomischen Abbildung continued to attract attention as Mortimer Frank revised and translated the catalogue in 1920 and in 1945 an expanded version was published which remains a useful resource of early anatomical illustration. The 1852 edition included 43 woodcuts and threeRead MoreThe Education Of Medical Education2005 Words   |  9 Pagespredecessors underwent and what curriculum aspiring young men of the near future would endure. American medical education in the mid-eighteenth to mid-nineteenth centuries developed greatly, from originally being lecture and humanities heavy to drawing on anatomical precisions and scientific specialization. However, one cannot attribute these educational luxuries to only American schools. English versions of medical education heavily influenced those of America, but American schools would see developmentalRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci1137 Words   |  4 PagesMachiavelli to paint the â€Å"Battle of Angiari†, as said by the writers of the PBS website. Later going into the 1500s, Leonardo began to work in Rome with his own workshop and given projects from the Pope himself. This is where Leonardo truly began his anatomical research as well as philosophy. Soon after he moved to France where he worked a great job for King Francis I, doing his usual paintings, sculpting, etc. but shortly after his right arm became paralyzed due to age and was restricted in the works

Paul’s Case Free Essays

In Willa Cather’s story â€Å"Paul’s Case,† the main character Paul is a troubled young man, who is seeking an escape from reality. Paul’s way of escaping his troubled life is through a day dream. For the most part Paul’s safe place is in New York City. We will write a custom essay sample on Paul’s Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now That is until Paul’s father comes looking for him. This is when Paul’s reality then takes form in his imaginary world. If Paul uses an imaginary escape world to get away from his troubled life, then why does it include him committing suicide? I have one reason to explain his suicide. Before, Paul supposedly enters his imaginary world, the story leaves off with Paul sitting in the cellar of his house. At this point in time, Paul starts to wonder if his father heard him entering. In the darkness of the cellar, Paul fears that his father may think Paul is a burglar, and shot him. (pg. 127) The though of death and Paul’s senseless running from a troubled life collide. In result creating Paul’s suicide, when his father comes looking for him. I believe Paul’s suicide serves as an epiphany. Paul’s epiphany relates to his struggling life, and how he has more to live for than just music. As a result of Paul’s epiphany, he begins to fade back into reality. As the audience, you are lead to believe that Paul was dreaming the whole time. The last sentence in the story â€Å"Paul dropped back into the immense design of things,† confirms the audience’s beliefs. (pg.133) Therefore I find it hard to believe that Paul ever actually traveled to New York. Due impart that Paul was a middle class kid from Pittsburg. Paul absolutely resented his lower and middle class upbringing. His resentment of his upbringing leads him to believe that New York is where the upper class lived. I find it hard to believe that he actually went to New York, because most of New York is slums. I find it hardly plausible or even possible that Paul actually lived most of the story, but rather that he imagined it all. The first problem that comes to mind when believing the story is the fact that Paul was able to get away with smoking cigarettes and drinking wine publicly. Paul was but a teenager with large sums of cash. How is it that Paul was able to live such a luxurious life for as long as he did, without being questioned about anything? The story â€Å"Paul’s Case,† was all about Paul seeking freedom from his personal life. Even though Paul was able to find some peace of mind, somehow his personal problems follow him into is dream land. Throughout Paul’s dream he encounters situations very similar to the ones he’s running from in reality. Nonetheless Paul can not escape his reality. How to cite Paul’s Case, Essay examples

Challenger Case Study free essay sample

On the fateful morning of January 26, 1988, the challenger shuttle broke up and burst into flames within 73 seconds of lift off. Many factors have to be considered when trying to figure out the cause of this disaster, and also how it could have been avoided. Poor communication between NASA managers, Thiokol managers, and Thiokol engineers played a major role in aiding this disaster. For a shuttle to be cleared for take off even when a lot of odds were against its successful liftoff shows that it was being run and monitored with a flawed system. This case study will be analyzed from the primary stakeholders perspective. It will go in depth into the cause of the disaster, both technical and ethical, how these problems can be fixed to prevent a reoccurrence, who the stakeholders are in the project and how they were affected by the disaster. The primary stakeholders include, but are not limited to, the astronauts, their families, the managers, the engineers at both NASA and Morton Thiokol, and the government. We will write a custom essay sample on Challenger Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These entities are primary stakeholders because they were all directly involved with the mission in some way. The astronauts put their lives on the line; their families were also affected by the loss of a loved one in the disaster. Also, the managers and engineers at both NASA and Morton Thiokol are stakeholders because they were directly involved with the design, communications, and decision making prior to the launch. A lot of credibility was lost from both organizations after the disaster. Lastly, the government is a stakeholder because they invested heavily in the project There were various technical problems that mounted up to cause the challenger space shuttle disaster. The central technical problem was with the O-ring seal, which failed at lift off. Upon failure, pressurized hot gas was able to escape into the SRB attachment hardware and external fuel tank. Thereafter, the right-hand SRB’s aft attachment and the structural failure of the external tank were separated. Aerodynamic forces were then easily able to break up the orbiter. Lastly, the unavailability of an escape system didn’t give the astronauts the option of ejecting from the shuttle after it disintegrated. The managers at NASA knew years earlier about the flaws in the design of the SRB’s O-rings but never paid any attention to the issue. The technical problems could have been solved, and the crash averted is the O-rings had been redesigned as soon as the flaws were noticed. Also, an escape system should have been incorporated into the shuttle design just incase a mission has to be aborted after lift off. Lastly, it wouldn’t have hurt if a third O-ring was implemented. There were various ethical problems in this case which include the NASA managers failure to address the deficiencies in the SRB’s design, NASA managers non-chalant attitude about the engineers’ concerns, NASA managers hoarding of information from their superior managers and flaws in the decision making process at NASA The central ethical problem is the flawed decision making at NASA. This is the central ethical problem because the disaster was caused by the decision made to clear the shuttle for lift off even when there were technical concerns. This disaster could have been averted if engineers at Thiokol had communicated their concerns more effectively to their Managers, who in turn will communicate to the NASA managers on how the design specifications of the O-ring would not be able to accommodate take off at such a low temperature. Furthermore, information should have been passed on to upper level management at NASA as soon as the lower level managers learnt of the technical concerns, and maybe a decision would have been made to reschedule the lift off. The managers’ disregard for the engineers concerns shows their disregard for human life. The least they could have done was to notify the astronauts on the technical concerns of the Thiokol engineers. Improving communication between NASA managers, engineers, and superiors was the solution to the ethical problems. Lower level managers should have been willing to listen to the technical concerns of subordinate engineers. Lastly, safety and well-being should have been made a top priority instead of eagerness to launch. The IEEE code of ethics applies directly to the central ethical problems. The first principle states that one has â€Å"to accept responsibility in making decisions consistent with the safety, health and welfare of the public, and to disclose promptly factors that might endanger the public or the environment. † This principle was totally ignored by the managers at NASA. How can they be concerned about the welfare of the public when they aren’t even concerned of the welfare of their own? There was no reason why the space shuttle crew and higher-level management were not be notified of the technical concerns of the Thiokol engineers and the potential implications of the space shuttle take off. Also the IEEE code of ethics states that one has â€Å"to seek, accept, and offer honest criticism of technical work, to acknowledge and correct errors, and to credit properly the contributions of others. † In this case, the NASA managers ignored the technical expertise and concerns contributed by the Thiokol engineers. The managers didn’t even see the concerns as being critical enough for upper level management to be aware of them. By application of these principles, the concerns of the engineers would have been accepted, the astronauts and upper level management would have been kept up to speed on the development, shuttle lift-off would have been rescheduled, and lives would have been preserved. The central technical problem is related to the ethical problems in this case because these problems all contributed, one way or the other, to the disaster that occurred. The central technical problem could have been fixed though, if good engineering ethical standards were followed and the NASA space crew wasn’t pressured into a launch of doom. The secondary stakeholders in this case are the general public, other employees of the organizations involved, and the future astronauts. The public is considered a secondary stakeholder because their taxes are used to fund space shuttle projects just like this one. Other employees at NASA and Morton Thiokol who weren’t directly involved with the project are also secondary stakeholders because they are affiliated with the organizations involved. Lastly, school students are secondary stakeholders because they are the future astronauts, managers and decision makers. This mission serves as a learning experience for them. In conclusion, with all the concerns expressed prior to the lift off of the challenger on that fateful day, it should never have been allowed to lift off. In the future, better communication methods need to be implemented between NASA managers at all levels and the engineers they have contractual agreements with. Prompt and decisive actions should also be taken as soon as deficiencies are noticed in systems designs. Whistle blowing should be encouraged whenever an employee notices unethical methods being utilized by their peers or superiors. Also, major ethical decisions should never be made without getting the approval of upper level management. There is no reason why technical concerns relating to an event as important as a space shuttle launch shouldn’t be available to upper management. If better decisions had been made, the crew, which includes the schoolteacher, would still be alive today.